Proceedings of the International Ocean Drilling Programme
Proceedings of the International Ocean Drilling Programme
Proceedings of the International Ocean Drilling Programme
Articles | Volume 505S
Articles | Volume 505S
https://doi.org/10.5194/piodp-505S-1-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/piodp-505S-1-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 505S
Scientific prospectus
 | 
22 Jul 2026
Scientific prospectus |  | 22 Jul 2026

IODP3 Expedition 505S “ENIGMA: ExploratioN Into a Global early Miocene Anomaly” Scientific Prospectus

Adam Woodhouse and Jennifer Kasbohm

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Short summary
ENIGMA investigates a major, little-understood global oceanic and ecological upheaval during the early Miocene (23–17 million years ago). This interval saw distinct biodiversity shifts such as a >70% shark extinction, plankton turnovers, and cetacean radiations, alongside changes in global productivity and ice sheet dynamics. ENIGMA will analyze Atlantic Ocean sediment cores, refine age models, reconstruct climate and biotic records, and model ecosystem responses to Earth system change.
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