Articles | Volume 505S
https://doi.org/10.5194/piodp-505S-1-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/piodp-505S-1-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Scientific prospectus
| 
22 Jul 2026
Scientific prospectus |
| 22 Jul 2026
| 22 Jul 2026
IODP3 Expedition 505S “ENIGMA: ExploratioN Into a Global early Miocene Anomaly” Scientific Prospectus
Adam Woodhouse
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Open University, Walton Hall, Kents Hill, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
Jennifer Kasbohm
Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, DC 20015, USA
Related authors
Adam Woodhouse, Bridget S. Wade, Tom Dunkley Jones, Carina Hoorn, and Kirsty M. Edgar
J. Micropalaeontol., 44, 601–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-601-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-601-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Between 44–34 million years ago, Earth's climate substantially cooled, leading to permanent Antarctic glaciation and major ocean changes. This caused high extinction rates amongst marine organisms, including the planktonic foraminifera. New data from the western Atlantic Ocean highlight how these organisms responded, where surface species declined and deeper species increased in abundance, reflecting shifts in vertical ocean structure during this key climate transition.
Adam Woodhouse, Bridget S. Wade, Tom Dunkley Jones, Carina Hoorn, and Kirsty M. Edgar
J. Micropalaeontol., 44, 601–632, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-601-2025, https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-44-601-2025, 2025
Short summary
Short summary
Between 44–34 million years ago, Earth's climate substantially cooled, leading to permanent Antarctic glaciation and major ocean changes. This caused high extinction rates amongst marine organisms, including the planktonic foraminifera. New data from the western Atlantic Ocean highlight how these organisms responded, where surface species declined and deeper species increased in abundance, reflecting shifts in vertical ocean structure during this key climate transition.
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Short summary
ENIGMA investigates a major, little-understood global oceanic and ecological upheaval during the early Miocene (23–17 million years ago). This interval saw distinct biodiversity shifts such as a >70% shark extinction, plankton turnovers, and cetacean radiations, alongside changes in global productivity and ice sheet dynamics. ENIGMA will analyze Atlantic Ocean sediment cores, refine age models, reconstruct climate and biotic records, and model ecosystem responses to Earth system change.
ENIGMA investigates a major, little-understood global oceanic and ecological upheaval during the...
